Ancient Egyptian Art, Painting, and Sculpture Research Paper

Antiquated Egyptian Art, Painting, and Sculpture - Research Paper Example Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptart.html Being that antiquated Egypt was a strict country, the greater part of the canvases and models during development include the goddesses, divine beings, and Pharaohs.3 These were strict pioneers who were considered as perfect and they were concurred a lot of regard as they decided individual destiny. The old expressions were described by thought by the laid out request. Expressions of the human experience comprised of clear and exact lines that joined with basic shapes and hues to make a few habits of request and top get balance the Egyptian country. Source: http://www.crystalinks.com/egyptart.html Similarly, antiquated Egyptian expressions had level and vertical lines, which they utilized in keeping up extents in the imaginative works. The craftsmen kept up both strict and political requests, as they were associated with their aesthetic works. They additionally brought considers along with sizes not considering the painter’s pers pective as it was intended to characterize the social progressive system of circumstances. A genuine case of this can be delineated by drawing the figure of pharaoh to be greater in the painting offering no appreciation to its location.4 It likewise applies to more prominent divine beings and lesser divine beings. Egyptian models were made of dirt, wood, metal and stones. These materials were promptly accessible during the period and they were respected valuable in making stone carvers at that point. The utilization of stones in making model was the most abundant as it was viewed as lasting on the grounds that it is hard and was accessible in various hues which gave a wide decisions. The old Egyptian stone workers were particular in its temperament in two distinct ways: it is described as cubic and frontal. This is on the grounds that it appears as the 3D shapes or the... This paper focuses on that old Egyptians expressions looked like the genuine life circumstances and nature. They complied with exacting principles which spoke to their three dimensional structures. The majority of the artistic creations if not totally depicted the figures and pictures of reality and nature as it was effectively perceptible with sharp perception. The drawings and artworks were finished and lovely and they likewise spoke to genuine circumstances. old Egyptian expressions had even and vertical lines, which they utilized in keeping up extents in the imaginative works. The specialists kept up both strict and political requests, as they were engaged with their aesthetic works. They likewise brought considers along with sizes not considering the painter’s perspective as it was intended to characterize the social pecking order of circumstances. A genuine case of this can be portrayed by drawing the figure of pharaoh to be greater in the painting offering no appreciati on to its area. It likewise applies to more noteworthy divine beings and lesser divine beings. Egyptian figures were made of dirt, wood, metal and stones. These materials were promptly accessible during the period and they were respected valuable in making stone carvers at that point. The utilization of stones in making figure was the most ample as it was viewed as lasting on the grounds that it is hard and was accessible in various hues which gave a wide decisions. The old Egyptian stone workers were particular in its inclination in two unique ways: it is portrayed as cubic and frontal. This report makes an end that the old Egyptian expressions, works of art, and figure assume a significant job in the life of the Egyptian. The old expressions have certain characters which makes them unmistakable from different types of specialties of different nations. This has made them remain over period and save their specialties.

Business Accounting Essay Example

Business Accounting Paper Part 1 Accounting: An Overview and Analysis MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 41. Bookkeepers allude to a monetary occasion as an a. buy. b. deal. c. exchange. d. change in proprietorship. 42. The way toward recording exchanges has become increasingly effective on the grounds that a. less occasions can be measured in monetary terms. b. PCs are utilized in preparing business occasions. c. more individuals have been recruited to record business exchanges. d. business occasions are recorded distinctly toward the year's end. 43. Correspondence of monetary occasions is the piece of the bookkeeping procedure that includes a. recognizing financial occasions. b. uantifying exchanges into dollars and pennies. c. getting ready bookkeeping reports. d. recording and grouping data. 44. Which of the accompanying occasions can't be evaluated into dollars and pennies and recorded as a bookkeeping exchange? a. The arrangement of another CPA firm to play out a review. b. The acquisition of another PC. c. The offer of store hardware. d. Installment of personal charges. 45. The utilization of PCs in recording business occasions a. has made the account procedure progressively productive. b. doesn't utilize indistinguishable standards from manual bookkeeping frameworks. c. has enormously affected the ID phase of the bookkeeping procedure. . is conservative just for huge organizations. 46. The bookkeeping procedure includes the entirety of the accompanying aside from a. distinguishing financial exchanges that are pertinent to the business. b. imparting money related data to clients by getting ready monetary reports. c. recording nonquantifiable monetary occasions. d. dissecting and deciphering money related reports. 47. The bookkeeping procedure is accurately sequenced as a. distinguishing proof, correspondence, recording. b. recording, correspondence, recognizable proof. c. recognizable proof, recording, correspondence. d. correspondence, recording, distinguishing proof. 48. Which of the accompanying procedures are not utilized by bookkeepers to decipher and report money related data? a. Diagrams b. Unique reminders for each class of outer clients c. Diagrams d. Proportions 49. Which of the accompanying would not be viewed as an inside client of bookkeeping information for the XYZ Company? a. Leader of the organization b. Creation administrator c. Product stock assistant d. Leader of the workers worker's guild 50. Which of the accompanying would not be viewed as an outer client of bookkeeping information for the XYZ Company? a. Interior Revenue Service Agent b. The executives c. Leasers d. Clients 51. Which of the accompanying would not be viewed as inward clients of bookkeeping information for an organization? a. The leader of an organization b. The controller of an organization c. Lenders of an organization d. Sales reps of the organization 52. Which of coming up next is an outer client of bookkeeping data? a. Worker's organizations b. Money chiefs c. Organization officials d. Chiefs 53. Which one of coming up next isn't an outer client of bookkeeping data? a. Administrative offices b. Clients c. Financial specialists d. These are outside clients 54. Accounting contrasts from bookkeeping in that accounting basically includes which part of the bookkeeping procedure? . Distinguishing proof b. Correspondence c. Recording d. Examination a55. The entirety of coming up next are administrations offered by open bookkeepers with the exception of a. planning. b. reviewing. c. charge arranging. d. counseling. a56. Which list underneath best portrays the significant administrations performe d by open bookkeepers? a. Accounting, mergers, spending plans b. Worker preparing, inspecting, accounting c. Inspecting, tax assessment, the board counseling d. Cost bookkeeping, creation planning, selecting a57. Getting ready government forms and taking part in charge arranging is performed by a. open bookkeepers as it were. b. private bookkeepers as it were. c. both open and private bookkeepers. . IRS bookkeepers as it were. a58. A private bookkeeper can perform numerous exercises in a business association however would not work in a. planning. b. bookkeeping data frameworks. c. outer reviewing. d. charge bookkeeping. 59. The starting points of bookkeeping are for the most part ascribed to crafted by a. Christopher Columbus. b. Abner Doubleday. c. Luca Pacioli. d. Leonardo da Vinci. 60. Money related bookkeeping gives monetary and budgetary data to the entirety of the accompanying aside from a. loan bosses. b. financial specialists. c. chiefs. d. other outside clients. 61. The las t advance in tackling a moral problem is to a. dentify and break down the essential components in the circumstance. b. perceive a moral circumstance. c. distinguish the other options and gauge the effect of every option on partners. d. perceive the moral issues included. 62. The initial phase in understanding a moral predicament is to a. distinguish and examine the foremost components in the circumstance. b. distinguish the other options. c. perceive a moral circumstance and the moral issues included. d. gauge the effect of every option on different partners. 63. Morals are the norms of lead by which ones activities are decided as a. right or wrong. b. onest or exploitative. c. reasonable or unjustifiable. d. these. 64. Sound accounting guidelines are a. annual expense guidelines of the Internal Revenue Service. b. guidelines that demonstrate how to report financial occasions. c. speculations that depend on physical laws of the universe. d. rules that have been demonstrated right by scholarly specialists. 65. The cost guideline necessitates that when resources are obtained, they be recorded at a. examination esteem. b. trade cost paid. c. selling cost. d. list cost. 66. The expense of a benefit and its honest assessment are a. never the equivalent. b. a similar when the benefit is sold. . immaterial when the benefit is utilized by the business in its tasks. d. the equivalent on the date of securing. 67. The assemblage of hypothesis basic bookkeeping did not depend on a. physical laws of nature. b. ideas. c. standards. d. definitions. 68. The private segment association engaged with creating bookkeeping standards is the a. Possible Accounting Standards Body. b. Money related Accounting Studies Board. c. Money related Accounting Standards Board. d. Monetary Auditors Standards Body. 69. The SEC and FASB are two associations that are fundamentally liable for building up sound accounting standards. The facts confirm that a. they are both legislative organizations. b. the SEC is a private association of bookkeepers. c. the SEC frequently commands rules when no bookkeeping standards exist. d. the SEC and FASB once in a while coordinate in creating bookkeeping gauges. 70. GAAP represents a. For the most part Accepted Auditing Procedures. b. Sound accounting guidelines. c. By and large Accepted Auditing Principles. d. For the most part Accepted Accounting Procedures. 71. Which of coming up next is definitely not a trait of the cost standard? a. Dependability b. Subjectivity c. Objectivity d. Undeniable nature 72. We will compose a custom article test on Business Accounting explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Business Accounting explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Business Accounting explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The ACE Company has five plants across the nation that cost $100 million. The present market estimation of the plants is $500 million. The plants will be recorded and detailed as resources at a. $100 million. b. $600 million. c. $400 million. d. $500 million. 73. The entirety of coming up next are points of interest cost has over different valuations aside from that it a. is dependable. b. can be unbiasedly estimated. c. can be confirmed. d. is applicable. 74. The ownership type of business association a. must have in any event three proprietors in many states. b. speaks to the biggest number of organizations in the United States. c. ombines the records of the business with the individual records of the proprietor. d. is portrayed by a lawful qualification between the business as a monetary unit and the proprietor. 75. The monetary element suspicion necessitates that the exercises a. of various elements can be consolidated if all the elements are enterprises. b. must be accounted for to the Securities and Exchange Commission. c. of a sole ownership can't be recognized from the individual monetary occasions of its proprietors. d. of an element be kept separate from the exercises of its proprietor. 76. A business composed as an enterprise a. is anything but a different legitimate substance in many states. . necessitates that investors be by and by subject for the obligations of the business. c. is claimed by its investors. d. ends when one of its unique investors bites the dust. 77. The association type of business association a. is a different lawful substance. b. is a typical type of association for administration type organizations. c. appreciates a boundless life. d. has constrained obligation. 78. Which of coming up next isn't a favorable position of the corporate type of business association? a. Restricted obligation of investors b. Transferability of proprietorship c. Boundless individual obligation for investors d. Boundless life 79. A little neighborhood hair parlor that is worked by its proprietor would almost certainly be composed as an a. joint endeavor. b. association. c. organization. d. ownership. 80. Joan and Sara met at graduate school and choose to begin a little law practice after graduation. They consent to part incomes and costs equally. The most widely recognized type of business association for a business, for example, this would be an a. joint endeavor. b. organization. c. partnership. d. ownership. 81. Which of coming up next is genuine with respect to the corporate type of business association? a. Companies are the most common type of business association. b. Corporate organizations are commonly littler in size than associations and owner boats. c. The incomes of organizations are more noteworthy than the joined incomes of associations and ownerships. d. Organizations are isolated lawful substances composed solely under government law. 82. An essential supposition of bookkeeping that requires exercises of an element be kept

Do I have enough Professional Experience to apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Do I have enough Professional Experience to apply COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The Fall 2013 admission deadline is quickly approaching.   Our inbox are receiving more emails and our phones are ringing frequently with questions.   In the final weeks before the application deadline, we have been posting comments on some of the more popular questions, such as GREs, letters of recommendations, and essays.   We will continue to discuss other topics of the application so stay tuned.   Todays topic is on the importance of pre-SIPA professional experience. Why is working before SIPA so important? SIPA is a professional school.   By this we mean that classes, extracurricular activities and student initiatives are generally tailored towards the professional, pre and post SIPA world.   The richness of the school consists precisely on the professional diversity of its student body â€" from social entrepreneurs in Rwanda to management consultants in NYC or government officials in Mexico â€" SIPA students bring with them infinite wisdom on how things work out there. Having been part of the professional world will not only give you great stories for all of your fellow classmates to benefit from, but you will also find how much more practical value what you learn can have.   Sometimes it is not until you are sitting in a project management classroom that you realize how much dealing with a particular client taught you, or until you take statistics for the first time that you think about how much more you could have done in your work if you had knowledge of Stata. How much is too little? How long do you need to have worked in order to fit well at SIPA?   Well, it depends.   Sometimes it is not about the years that you have worked, but what is it that you did and what was your impact.   It doesn’t always have to be a formal full time job.   Internship and volunteer experiences that have been significant enough to shape who you are and why you want to come to SIPA also count. On average, the Admissions Committee likes to see students with at least one or two years of professional work experience, but often more is better, so our student body usually stands somewhere between 3 and 5 years of pre-SIPA work.   The more the better because you will have had more time to experience, think, and be certain that SIPA is what you want. Some applicants manage to get to this stage at a younger age; every year the Admissions Committee admits a small number of applicants who recently graduated.   This impressive bunch usually makes up 10% of the incoming class, and they tend to be students that despite their young age have taken advantage of volunteering, travel and internship opportunities extensively and come across to be very confident about why SIPA is the right next step for them. So if you are one of those young applicants doubting if you should apply or not, sit down, take a pencil and reflect upon the experiences you have had as a student, intern or volunteer.   You will be able to get a sense of whether or not you have a shot of being one of the 10% admitted .   As a final piece of advice, if graduate school is truly what you want, be confident that you will make it happen, sooner or later.

Overview of the Op Art Movement

Op Art (short for Optical Art) is an art movement that emerged in the 1960s. It is a distinct style of art that creates the illusion of movement. Through the use of precision and mathematics, stark contrast, and abstract shapes, these sharp  pieces of artwork have a three-dimensional quality that is not seen in other styles of art. Op Art Emerges in the 1960s Flashback to 1964. In the United States, we were still reeling from the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, encapsulated in the Civil Rights movement, and being invaded by British pop/rock music. Many people were also over the notion of achieving the idyllic lifestyles that were so prevalent in the 1950s. It was a perfect time for a new artistic movement to burst on the scene.   In October of 1964, in an article describing this new style of art, Time Magazine coined the phrase Optical Art (or Op Art, as its more commonly known). The term referenced the fact that Op Art is comprised of illusion and often appears to the human eye to be moving or breathing due to its precise, mathematically-based composition. After (and because of) a major 1965 exhibition of Op Art entitled The Responsive Eye, the public became enraptured with the movement. As a result, one began to see Op Art everywhere: in print and television advertising, as LP album art, and as a fashion motif in clothing and interior design. Although the term was coined and the exhibition held in the mid-1960s, most people who have studied these things agree that Victor Vasarely pioneered the movement with his 1938 painting Zebra. M. C. Eschers style has sometimes caused him to be listed as an Op artist as well, though they dont quite fit the definition. Many of his best-known works were created in the 1930s and include amazing perspectives and use of tessellations (shapes in close arrangements). These two certainly helped point the way for others. It can also be argued that none of Op Art would have been possible—let alone embraced by the public—without the prior Abstract and Expressionist movements. These led the way by de-emphasizing (or, in many cases, eliminating) representational subject matter. Op Art Remains Popular As an official movement, Op Art has been given a lifespan of around three years. This doesnt mean, however, that every artist ceased employing Op Art as their style by 1969. Bridget Riley is one noteworthy artist who has moved from achromatic to chromatic pieces but has steadfastly created Op Art from its beginning to the present day. Additionally, anyone who has gone through a post-secondary fine arts program probably has a tale or two of Op-ish projects created during color theory studies. Its also worth mentioning that, in the digital age, Op Art is sometimes viewed with bemusement. Perhaps you, too, have heard the (rather snide, some would say) comment, A child with the proper graphic design software could produce this stuff. Quite true, a gifted child with a computer and the proper software at her disposal could certainly create Op Art in the 21st century. This certainly wasnt the case in the early 1960s, and the 1938 date of Vasarelys Zebra speaks for itself in this regard. Op Art represents a great deal of math, planning and technical skill, as none of it came freshly-inked out of a computer peripheral. Original, hand-created Op Art deserves respect, at the very least. What Are the Characteristics of Op Art? Op Art exists to fool the eye. Op compositions create a sort of visual tension in the viewers mind that gives works the illusion of movement. For example, concentrate on Bridget Rileys Dominance Portfolio, Blue (1977) for even a few seconds and it begins to dance and wave in front of your eyes. Realistically, you know  that any Op Art piece is flat, static, and two-dimensional. Your eye, however, begins sending your brain the message that what its seeing has begun to oscillate, flicker, throb and any other verb one can employ to mean, Yikes! This painting is moving! Op Art is not meant to  represent reality.  Due to its geometrically-based nature, Op Art is, almost without exception, non-representational. Artists do not attempt to depict anything we know in real life. Instead, it is more like abstract art in which composition, movement, and shape dominate. Op Art is not created by chance. The elements employed in a piece of Op Art are carefully chosen to achieve maximum effect. In order for the illusion to work, each color,  line,  and shape must contribute to the overall composition. It takes a great deal of forethought to successfully create artwork in the Op Art style. Op Art relies on two specific techniques. The critical techniques used in Op Art are perspective and careful juxtaposition of color. The color may be chromatic (identifiable hues) or achromatic (black, white, or gray). Even when color is used, they tend to be very bold and can be either complementary or high-contrast.   Op Art typically does not include the blending of colors. The lines and shapes of this style are very well defined. Artists do not use shading when transitioning from one color to the next and quite often two high-contrast colors are placed next to each other. This harsh shift is a key part of what disturbs and tricks your eye into seeing movement where there is none. Op Art embraces negative space. In Op Art—as in perhaps no other artistic school—positive and negative spaces in a composition are of equal importance. The illusion could not be created without both, so Op artists tend to focus just as much on the negative space as they do the positive.

David Walker Analysis of the Appeal Essay - 1564 Words

David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in particular, and very expressly to those of the United States of America, â€Å"promoted racial solidarity and moral elevation with fervor,† and is as much a political source as it is religious. His Appeal adamantly argues against oppression and slavery while encouraging a vivacious and lively spirit amongst the black community, in the hopes of promoting unity and diminishing the acceptance of mistreatment from their white counterparts. To convey this message, which was presented in a mannerism that was extremely radical, Walker uses the bible and what can most clearly be defined as a Methodist theology to support his stance on the issues of society. David Walker was â€Å"born a†¦show more content†¦In writing the Appeal, Walker was looking to initiate a drastic move amongst the black population of The United States of America. Those who believe in the Methodist doctrine believe that all people are created by God, in His image, and regardless of sex, race, or color, all people have the same inherent rights and Walker, who was adamant about change, incorporated this belief throughout his writing. His appeal to the American public however was not only to abolish slavery, but once slaves were free, to allow them all the Biblical rights they are due, as the Egyptians had to do when the Israelis were freed from slavery under Pharaoh. As an abolitionist urging black people, free and enslaved, to rise up against their oppressors by any means necessary, especially by violence, Walker’s purpose in writing the Appeal was to persuade his audience that enough was enough and that the time had come to take a political, social , and economical change. According to Hinks, Methodists were usually more willing to place â€Å"the powerful God of Christianity†¦ on the side of social and political justice.† One religious message that Walker conveys through this Appeal that supports this claim, wasShow MoreRelatedRoots of Resistance Essay1605 Words   |  7 PagesFilm Analysis: Roots of Resistance a Story of the Underground Railroad In the movie Roots of Resistance a Story of the Underground Railroad, the filmmaker makes some very strong points. He made the movie in a way that portrays his specific opinion and views on the Underground Railroad. If a viewer didnt know what the movie was about they may have guessed it would have been a very different kind of movie based on the title. 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Blood Disorders Free Essays

Blood disorders describe problems associated with blood components such as red blood cells, platelets, enzymes, plasma and white blood cells. The characteristics of blood disorders depend on the real blood disease. Blood disorders can also be associated with hereditary characteristics whereby some disease causing organisms are transferred from parents to children. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Disorders or any similar topic only for you Order Now Blood disorders or diseases lead to continuous bleeding in case of an injury and poor blood clotting. Blood diseases result from abnormalities in blood itself or defects in blood vessels. The three given cases in this paper relates to various blood disorders associated with lifestyle, genetics and injuries. The first case of four years Amy, who complains of tiredness al the time and eats pasta, breads and hot dogs, and drinks artificial fruit punch, is a case of anemia. Amy is a pale and picky eater and her mother is single and cannot afford to feed large family so it means that her daughter consumes unbalanced diet. Anemia is a blood disorder whereby the number of red blood cells is insufficient to supply enough iron to body parts (Hadorn Ernst, 1961). Iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia and children are vulnerable to this disorder. Main characteristics of anemia include fatigue, slow healing of wounds, weakness, drowsiness and dizziness. Amy complains of being tired all the time and this is one of the main symptoms of anemia. The blood disorder is diagnosed through examination of blood sample and in many cases; the red blood cells are small and pale. Anemia is treated by iron tablets and consumption of vegetables such as spinach and foods rich in iron. Anemia in this case of Amy can be prevented through consumption of well balanced diet and avoiding any circumstances that can lead to excess bleeding such as injuries. In the case of Marcus, a five-year-old African American male whose mother wants the nurse to screen his son for trait is a case of hemochromatosis. It is a case of hereditary blood disorder that has been transferred from mother to son. Hemochromatosis is one of the common hereditary blood disorders that make body tissues to absorb too much iron. Being a hereditary disorder, hemochromatosis is known to develop from dietary iron intake (King E. John, 2002). The blood disorder leads to severe iron overlap in children and young adults. It is caused by defect in HFE gene responsible for controlling amount of iron observed from food. Children who inherit the defective gene from one parent become carries of the disease but may not develop it. Symptoms of hemochromatosis include joint pain, abdominal pain, and fatigue and heart problems. The blood disorder is diagnosed by collecting information concerning family history, physical examination and routine blood tests. Hemochromatosis is treated by controlling the amount of iron getting into the body through phlebotomy process. Prevention of hemochromatosis is very technical as it is a hereditary disease transferred from parents to children through genetics. However, it can be prevented by protecting the body from excess iron. In the case of Richard, he is likely to have thrombosis as is analyzed in his body condition of numerous bruises and tiny red marks around his eyes. Thrombosis is clotting of blood vessels because of blood clot that blocks a vein or artery. Blood clot is caused by damage of blood vessel or changes in blood flow. Symptoms of thrombosis include numerous bruises, swelling of body parts and red spots as a result of blood clot (Wood M. Stephen, 1997). Physical examination of body parts is the best alternative for thrombosis diagnosis. The blood disorder is treated by an anticoagulant that allows thinning of blood. Thrombosis can be prevented through wearing of pressure stockings and use of blood thinners. References Hadorn Ernst, 1961, Developmental Genetics and Lethal Factors, Methuen, Ursula Mittwoch. King E. John, 2002, Mayo Clinic on Digestive Health, Mason Crest. Wood M. Stephen, 1997, Conguering High Blood Pressure, Perseus Books. How to cite Blood Disorders, Papers

Scholarship Application free essay sample

Have you have ever had a dream that you went for, and accomplished? Although I’m still a high schooler, I have big dreams for my future. Becoming a teacher is very important to me. Some adults don’t realize that the best years of most teenagers lives are their high school years, or also that the most crucial learning years of your life are in grade school, because your brain is still young and developing quickly. So true is this, that its crucial to learn as much as you can while in school,{{CS}} you’ll have better learning skills as an adult. That’s why I want to teach kids as much as I can and make the biggest difference in their lives as I’m able. I would like to receive this scholarship because I need any financial help I’m able to receive. This year I have really buckled down with my school work. We will write a custom essay sample on Scholarship Application or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Faced with senioritis, it finally knocked some sense into me, and I realized that I’m not going to go anywhere in life with poor grades in school. My future plans consist of going to Cowley County Community College to get my core classes out of the way: later to transfer to a university (preferably Emporia State) to get a teaching degree. I would like to become an elementary school teacher, or a high school history teacher. Whether I become a history teacher or an elementary school teacher does not matter to me, because I will try to major in both (but only one at a time). A certain sport I particularly like is volleyball. If I become a teacher, then I plan to be a volleyball coach for high school girls also, and being a teacher makes it easier to become a coach at the school that I want to teach at. Volleyball has by far been my most favorite memories of high school. I don’t want to coach it just because I love it, but also because I want to make young girls love it also. If you try your hardest and are close together as a team, then you’ll have what it takes to win. One thing that I’ve learned while playing volleyball with my team is to never take anything for granted; especially not high school. Moreover, I want to go far enough in life to be able to aid students and athletes that need it.

Historical Context Paragraph for Marijuana free essay sample

Marijuana has been used for achieving the feeling of euphoria since ancient times (â€Å"History of Marijuana†). This drug was brought from Asia to Europe at least as early as A. D. 500. People had been smoking marijuana around the world, dating back as far as 2737 B. C. China (â€Å"Historical Timeline†). The Spanish brought it to America in 1545, and the English arrived with it in Jamestown in 1611, where it became a major commercial crop, eventually replaced in the American south by cotton (Miller). Marijuana, then known as hemp, was a principal crop at Mount Vernon and a secondary crop at Monticello (â€Å"History of Marijuana in America†). They grew it primarily for use as hemp rope, but there is some evidence that they were aware of its hallucinogenic properties as well (â€Å"Common Menu Bar Links†). People believed it enhanced their mind, and was used as a remedy for earache, edema, and inflammation (â€Å"History of Marijuana Use: Medical and Intoxicant†). We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Context Paragraph for Marijuana or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Marijuana was first used in the U. S. for medical purposes in the 1800s. Although marijuana had been around for a long time, widespread use of marijuana as a recreational drug did not become widespread until alcohol was banned during the Prohibition Era (1920 – 1933). Before that time period, marijuana had been used in the Americas for hundreds of years as a medicine. Once the federal government banned alcohol, marijuana took its place as the recreational drug of choice and its use soared. † After alcohol was legal again, use of marijuana sharply declined (â€Å"Why Marijuana Became Illegal†).

Urbanization And China Example

Urbanization And China Example Urbanization And China – Coursework Example URBAN PLANNING URBAN PLANNING There was restriction on the rural-urban migration which were set by the government. Secondly, it was the rustication period where the employment opportunities or prospects of a better life in the urban centers was bleak and less. Thirdly, there was the agricultural responsibility system which benefited the people in the rural areas and thus they had little or less incentives to move to urban areas and increase the population of urban areas. The Chinese government increased the foreign direct investment incentives and encouraged more investments into China which encouraged more jobs in the urban centers. In principle, the government changed some of the restrictive and punitive legislations and policies that hindered the flow of foreign investments and chances or opportunities. The urbanization movement has been balanced regionally, because the counties or states which have higher economic endowments have higher population and number of people. Thus, coun ties such as Shanghai has higher population due to prospects of opportunities of employments. China faces a surge and challenge of a very high population which cannot be fed or taken care of by the existing natural resources and endowments. It is challenging to struggle with limited resources yet the number of people able and willing to work at the existing wage rate is high. As a remedy, it would be critical to control the high population by adopting family planning tendencies and approaches. Secondly, china may give the interest groups such as youths and women grants and other incentives to start their own businesses and employment since the government cannot accommodate the high population. ReferenceLevy, J.M. (2013). Contemporary urban planning (10th ed.). Upper Saddler River, NJ: Pearson-Prentice Hall Press.

Joint attention in autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Joint attention in autism - Essay Example The expression ‘’far-away’’, with which the child is characterized, describes perfectly the lack of social interaction that people have with autism. This is one of the reasons why children with autism may be referred to as ‘aloof’ or ‘withdrawn’ as they appear disinterested in the world around them (Wall, 2004, 5). Other behavioural aspects that show the existence of autism are avoidance of eye contact, lack of desire to interact or play with other children or adults, lack of desire to establish relationships and friendships, inability to interpret people’s feelings and emotions, lack of verbal and non-verbal social communication as well as some restricted repertoire activities. One of the factors that prove to be problematic while handling social behaviour of children with autism is ‘joint attention’. It can be described as the process by which one alerts another about any observation via nonverbal means such a s gazing or pointing (Wikipedia). Impairment in joint attention is common in every person with autism and thus it is considered as a fundamental area that needs to be studied in depth. Joint attention in typical development In the early years of their lives, infants of typical development are capable only of involuntary signals; a thing that is similar to what other animals do that have limited social behaviour themselves. From an evolutionary point of view, behaviour exists for communication purposes as the older, more mature and cognitively developed people are able to interpret them correctly and therefore understand the children’s needs. But unlike other animals, human infants’ communication skills improve very quickly. They tend to develop new cognitive capacities that enable them to extract socially relevant information from the voices, faces and gestures of other people (Slater, Lewis, 2002, 264). After the first year of their lives, the infants develop rapidly in a cognitive level while leaving behind the limited capacities he used to have. He gets one step closer to a fully developed human being who is able to understand the intentions of others through their behaviour. During this period, the infants quickly learn the procedure of understanding other people’s mind through specific procedures. First they look into their mother’s eyes with delight and follow the direction of her gaze for information. Then, it has been observed that the children smile in response to their mother’s voice in order to get her attention. Finally, the infants babble syllables; using words symbolically to get people’s attention and influence their behaviour. Not after the first year will the ability of understanding other’s thoughts develop in the child. The mind reading ability, which distinguishes humans from other animals, develops gradually over the first year. This ability is spotted first within the non-verbal communicati on (gaze, gesture- in other words joint attention) of the children and then, it is manifested more clearly in the child’s ability to speak and understand language. Joint attention in autism Recent studies have shown that children with autism cannot initiate joint attention skills; a thing that is called ‘joint attention deficit’. It is described as ‘a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests or achievements with other people’ (American Psychiatric Association, 1995, p.72). Specifically, there are two different functions that joint attention behaviours seem to serve;

Arbitration on Buyer-Seller Disagreement Case Study

Arbitration on Buyer-Seller Disagreement - Case Study Example There are situations in the international market where the buyer and the seller disagree on their transactions. The basis of such dispute could range from the supply of inferior quality goods, failure of the goods delivered to meet standards and specifications or failure to deliver such goods or services in good time (Cornell, 2001). Under all these circumstances, the laws governing the international market provides an avenue through which such disputes can be resolved (Frank, 2009). In our case where the American businessperson ships livers to the German trader that do not meet all the specifications, then a need for dispute resolution arises. While the sex of the animal from which the livers are obtained is no cause for concern to Americans, the case is different in Germany. The livers obtained from different sexes of animals will fetch different prices in their markets. Since the attempt by the traders to resolve the dispute by them has failed completely, then a need for arbitrati on arises. The most important thing that the arbitrator should consider in this dispute resolution is the fact that a company is guided and under obligation to follow both the domestic laws regulating business transaction and the laws of the foreign country where the company is undertaking its business. In this case, owing to the fact that in Germany livers fetch different prices, based on which sex of the animal they come from, then the German importer has a reason to require the American supplier to pay a price allowance of $1000 (Cornell, 2001). Owing to the fact that the German importer issued instructions to the effect that the livers shipped should be of customary merchantable quality, it was the responsibility of the American trader to seek to understand the particular requirements of customary merchantable quality livers in the German market. Therefore, in this case, the arbitrator will rule in favour of the German importer, and establish an agreement with both of the traders, for the American exporter to reduce the price of the livers he shipped, so that the German importer does not run at a loss wholesomely.     

Analysis of Nursing Ideologies: Leg Ulcers and COPD Case

Analysis of Nursing Ideologies: Leg Ulcers and COPD Case Professional Studies Essay The aim of this essay is to address various professional nursing ideologies and how they can be applied to nursing practice. This will be undertaken in order to assess the author’s knowledge and understanding of the various themes of the Professional Studies module. In order to assess knowledge and understanding this essay will answer three questions, each pertaining to particular strands of professional studies. These include factors that can influence the promotion of evidence-based care, the philosophy of caring and managing the delivery of care. Examples of practice used in this assignment will be from published research. The answers given will be supported by research pertaining to the treatment of venous leg ulcers and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is suggested that evidence-based practice (EBP) or evidence-based care is a high point on political and professional agendas (Wright, 2001, p198) having gained popularity in health care following concerns over the continued use of practices based on tradition or habit, rather than evidence of their efficacy (Flaherty, 2001, p4). EBP contrasts with this in that it intends to promote treatment and care that is based on systematic evaluation of the evidence of the effectiveness of interventions. It is suggested that the Department of Health (1998, p17) has adopted the principles of EBP, changing the focus from individual staff seeking to identify the best course of action in given clinical situations to national initiatives to minimize variations in healthcare provision across regions, developing national standards of health care and debatably determining what is deemed the most effective use of finite NHS resources. However, it is argued that the implementation of the national stand ards of health care which are in the form of guidelines issued by organisations such as the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) are often delayed (Shannon, 2003, p1368). Debatably, this is a result of various factors such as lack of finances, time, inclination to change and lack of conviction that change will be beneficial. Having said that, it is important that nurses understand what theoretical knowledge is needed in accessing and selecting evidence for use in supporting practice. It is recommended that nurses, who employ evidence-based care, recognize the distinction between EBP and research-based practice. EBP acknowledges that even where there is an absence of empirical research, evidence in the form of case studies or expert opinion might exist that can inform practice (Hewitt-Taylor, 2003b, p43). In addition, arguably not all research is of high quality, and practices may be described as â€Å"researched-based†, even where the research upon which they are based is not of a good standard, or not intended to be applied in a particular setting. Theoretically, EBP is concerned with gathering all the available evidence, evaluating the evidence and deciding what would constitute the best approach to a particular aspect of care in a given clinical situation (Hewitt-Taylor, 2003b, p44). The evidence that can be used includes research, consensus expert opinion, cost and patient preferences (NICE 2003, p3). It is suggested that as well as taking into account a variety of sources of evidence, the use of EBP with health care involves the ability to evaluate the quality of all these forms of evidence and there application to certain clinical circumstances. Therefore, it is proposed that nurses need to be able to critically analyse all of the proposed evidence that is to be used before employing evidence-based care to practice. It is also suggested that nurses need to have knowledge of the individual component skills of evidence based-practice. These include research and information technology skills, awareness of major information types and sources, as already mentioned, the ability to analyse critically evidence against set standards, dissemination of new ideas about care to colleagues and the ability to review own practice (Cranston, 2002, p39). As previously mentioned, nurses need to have the knowledge and skills to be able to identify and analyse which evidence is most appropriate for a given clinical situation. Therefore when implementing EPB in a care situation it is important to understand that research evidence is only one part of the picture when considering clinical decision making. For instance, at present there is good quality research evidence which indicates that the most effective treatment for uncomplicated venous leg ulcers is the application of compression bandaging (RCN Institute, 1998, p7). It is suggested however that research evidence cannot yet point to the best type and method of bandaging to apply. Therefore, individual nurse clinical experience and the patient’s preference in terms of comfort of bandaging will come into play when making a decision about the best way to treat the leg ulcer. It is debated that it is essential for nurses to understand that arguably very few treatment interventions or nursing practices have a purely research evidence base from which to direct practice (Cranston, 2002, p40). Therefore, it is argued that nurses must also be able to draw on all aspects of evidence, including patients’ and families’ perspectives, the results of research, and their own and colleagues’ expertise to reach the best holistic, person-centred care for each patient (Howitt Armstrong, 1999, p1324). Apart from the importance of holistic care and person-centred care, the theory of caring is also a key issue relevant to the advancement of nursing. It is proposed that in recent years several issues pertaining to the development of nursing knowledge have been addressed. Debatably, these include uncovering phenomena considered central to nursing and nursing theories and models that have emanated from them (Chinn Kramer, 1995, p24). One important concept within nursing that is gaining increasing attention in nursing literature is that of caring (Kyle 1995, p506). A range of theories have been presented in nursing literature that have caring as a central concept and are based on a human science perspective. One of these theories is that of Simone Roach’s (1992) theory on caring. In her writings she discusses the uniqueness of caring, arguing that caring is not unique to nursing but it is unique in nursing. Furthermore, she presents the idea that this one concept includes the â€Å"essential characteristics of nursing as a helping discipline† (Roach, 1992, p12). The main concepts of this theory are the attributes of c aring, or the five Cs. Roach perceived the five Cs as â€Å"a broad framework suggesting categories of human behaviour within which professional caring may be expressed† (Roach, 1992, p69). The five Cs are defined as compassion, competence, confidence, conscience and commitment (Roach, 1992, p19). It is acknowledged that it has been difficult to find any practical examples of Roach’s work. This could be due to the fact that it is not formally considered a theory for nursing. Debatably, while the five Cs including are essential to caring within nursing, it is proposed that the third C, confidence is required to enable the nurse to deliver holistic care. (Roach, 1992, p63) defines confidence as â€Å"the quality which fosters trusting relationships†. In Roach’s writings she accentuates the need for a ‘caring confidence’ between the nurse and patient that promotes a trusting, truthful, equitable and respectful relationship that happens without any attached conditions, misrepresentations, anxiety or subjection (Roach, 1992, p64). In a practice setting, it is suggested that if patients cannot feel that the staff are being truthful and candid in their contact with them they will not trust or believe in them. Debatably, at the center of patients’ making informed choices is that nurses are honest and give truthful information, therefore, if they do not perceive honesty the patients’ cannot be sure they are making the right decisions. It is essential that nurses trust in their own abilities and they need to possess confidence in their own skills and judgements and as well as knowing their limitations (Fry, 1989, p9, Pusari, 1998, p6). With this in mind it is proposed that nurses could use the Johns’ Model of Structured Reflection (1994, pp71-75). Arguably, this model can help the nurse reflect on the above factors that constitute confidence in caring. The model asks questions that allow nurses to reflect on their abilities, actions and what they tried to achieve in a given clinical setting. It helps nurses to reflect on how they responded as they did in a care setting and if they could have dealt better with the situation. On reflection the model might help nurses to have the confidence to care in a holistic, person-centred, knowledgeable and reflective manner. It is suggested that in order to manage the delivery of holistic, patient-centred care, that care needs to be of high quality and performed within current policy guidelines. Delivery of healthcare can be undertaken on three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary care (Royal College of Physicians (RCP), 2001, p292). It is proposed that the delivery of COPD care can be undertaken at all levels of care; however, it is argued that COPD care is normally managed within primary and secondary care settings. Patients suffering from COPD can access primary care from there General Practitioner (GP). Some GPs might have an interest and an expertise in the management of COPD and therefore could provide specialist nurse-led clinics within their surgeries. Secondary care for COPD sufferers is normally a hospital-based service whereby patients have accessed this level of care either from a referral from their GP of through Accident and Emergency. It is proposed that most district general hospitals have a highly trained respiratory medicine team (RCP, 2001, 292). One example of managing the delivery of COPD within primary care is that of the introduction of Quality Outcome Framework (QOF) practitioners. Arguably, this is a major incentive to improve primary care COPD management and the QOF for COPD became part of the General medical Services Contract (Booker, 2005, p33). Debatably, the QOF targets can form the basis of good COPD management as in most cases; evidence-based rationales were used for the inclusion of particular targets such as smoking cessation advice. However, it appears that in some areas the QOF and the NICE guidelines disagree on the management of COPD care. The NICE guideline suggests that reversibility testing is not routinely necessary for initial diagnosis (NCCCC, 2004, p1), but the QOF requires spirometry testing plus reversibility testing as a premise for diagnosis. Evidence suggests that reversibility testing to a single, â€Å"acute† dose of bronchodilator is not reproducible and can be misleading. It is sugges ted that the majority of COPD cases can be accurately diagnosed from the clinical history and then confirmed with spirometry testing (Calverley, 2003, p659). Debatably, despite the disagreements between NICE guidelines and QOF, the QOF scheme is a good starting point and arguably, has served to increase the profile of COPD in primary care. Nurses need to understand and become knowledgeable about professional nursing theories and ideologies. Person-centred holistic care is often based on clinical evidence and research. It is important therefore that nurses can appreciate the usefulness of evidence but also be conscious of the relevance of the evidence in everyday practice. Nurses need to be able to critically analyse any evidence-based research or guidelines for its effectiveness in practice. Knowledge of the theories of nursing can help enhance practice by understanding key concepts pertaining to care and delivery of care. Reflection as a concept within care is important for developing safe, quality, holistic, patient-centred care. In contemporary nursing managing the delivery of care is often guided by current policy. Nurses need to be aware of the current care guidelines that plan their care actions. It is important to note that clinical care guidelines can enhance patient care by providing rules on ethical, safe and quality care. However, it is important to note that guidelines are there for the safety of the healthcare profession as well as the patients. References Booker R (2005) COPD, NICE and GMS: getting quality from QOF, Primary Care, 15, 9, 33-36 Calverley PMA (2003) Bronchodilator reversibility testing in COPD, Thorax, 58, 8, 659-664 Chinn PL Kramer MK (1995) Theory and Nursing: A Systematic Approach, 4th edn, St Louis, Mosby year Book Press Cranston M (2002) Clinical effectiveness and evidence based practice, Nursing Standard, 16, 24, 39-43 Department of Health (1998) A First Class Service: Quality in the new NHS, London, HMSO Flaherty R (2001) Medical Myths: today’s perspectives, Patient Care, 15 September: 4–10 Fry ST (1989) Toward a theory of nursing ethics, Advances in Nursing Science, 11, 4, 9-22 Hewitt-Taylor J (2003b) Reviewing evidence, Intensive Critical Care Nursing, 19, 43-9 Howitt A Armstrong D (1999) Implementing evidence based medicine in general practice: audit and qualitative study of antithrombotic treatment for arterial fibrillation, British Medical Journal, 318, 7194, 1324-1327 Johns C (1994) Clinical notes: nuances of reflection, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 3, 2, 71-75 Kyle TV (1995) The concept of caring: a review of the literature, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 21, 506-514 NCCCC (2004) Chronic obstructive disease: NICE Guideline for management of COPD in adults in primary care, Thorax, 1, 1-232 NICE (2003) Factsheet: General Information About Clinical Guidelines, NICE, London Pusari N (1998) Eight ‘Cs’ of caring: a holistic framework for nursing terminally ill patients. Contemporary Nurse, 7, 3, 156-160 RCN Institute (1998) The Management of Patients with Venous leg Ulcers, London, RCN Publishing Roach S (1992) The Human Act of Caring, Ottawa, Ontario: Canadian Hospital Association Press Royal College of Physicians (2001) Consultants physicians working for patients, 2nd edition, London, RCP Shannon C (2003) Money must be available for NICE guidance, minister says, British Medical Journal, 327, 1368 Wright SM (2001) Contribution of a lecturer-practitioner in implementing evidence-based health care, Accident Emergency Nursing, 9, 3, 198-203

Negotiations: Methodologies for Unilateral and Collaborative Situations

Negotiation is the preferred method of communication instead because conflict creates unwanted effects to a working relationship. The articles outlined three essential uses and/or strategies of three different authors whom approach to negotiation fit their industries as well as their creative abilities. In Resolving Real Estate Issues, Gerald M. Levy (1999) addresses four primary steps of negotiation: pre-negotiation, presentation and negotiation, intense, agreement and closing phrase (p. 2). The outline is understandable and workable in any industry in which negotiation is relied upon for optimal results. Meadow discussed the basis of negotiation being an art and science that mixes a party’s ability to bargain with their opponents. The issues stated within the article addressed the basic needs of any individual involved; for instance, â€Å"skilled negotiators can separate the conceptual part of negotiation (the â€Å"science†) from the behavioral aspects of negotiation (the â€Å"art†) to solve the underlying problem that a lawsuit represents (Meadow 1).† This act of negotiation is very intriguing because you are approaching the aspect of negotiation in a law setting in which rules are outlined by the court, but your use of tactics are up to you and your opponents. In The Art and Science of Problem-Solving Negotiation, Meadow (1999) uses detailed examples to corner a creative negotiator’s ability to overthrow sessions (p.2). These tactics fit their personality and the structure increases negotiator’s chances of success in negotiations. Shaping perceptions of alternatives sets in the pre-negotiation phase of negotiation can lower the limits of acceptable agreements. For example, a web design company needs a copywriter with writing skills to boost their profits. The market price for a freelance writer is roughly $20/article, but they are offering a per project basis. In this negotiation, a copywriter will pull for the market price or higher due to years of professional experience. This is an example of Meadow’s (1999) belief in shaping the competition’s objectives to fit that of one’s intentions (p. 5). Without the proper game plan, the art and science of negotiation goes out of the window once more problems arise. As with my example, a negotiator can make commitments, threats, and focal points stick all irrelevant issues aside for a reasonable bargaining set to continue its process within a negotiation. This follows from their previous example. Their ability to highlight this point will make the company re-arrange their current ideal of what a copywriter should be paid per article. Not that it is a threat, but it is a reasonable explanation of why they need to pay the amount instead of losing the writer. In Resolving Real Estate Issues, Gerald Levy (1999) practices influencing aspirations are higher suggestions in return for a need can generate better results (p.2). Once I understand the dynamics and true market price of a copywriter, I may want more for their work. The web design company is trying to use their talents at a cheap price so I will leave them alone for a set period of time to see if their position changes. By contacting their competition about copywriter salaries, I can gain leverage by addressing it in our next meeting. I am boosting their aspirations to receive the payment I deserve and ‘more’ for their services. After I receive this information, I can develop a stronger position in what I deserve. Meadow (1999) and Levy (1999) believe that taking a position will cause an opponent to withdraw from their first perspective of the situation (p. 1 and 3). If one chooses to use strong positions, they must stand firm within decision making so opponents will understand and not budge from previous arguments. For example, if I were asked to accept a lower salary, I will not agree with the web design company and leave the negotiations. This puts my services as a valuable mean for a company’s success in their market. It is very important to keep this in mind while developing a stronger argument for future negotiations. I believe I must remain strong during these steps into a negotiation because companies try to manipulate prospects. These authors were correct in establishing a strong position for unilateral and collaborative situations. In order to create a better outcome on each end, it should remain essential to practice the art of negotiation without budging to the intense negotiation strategies thrown within the conflict. The preferred methods of Meadow (1999) and Levy (1999) can be implemented in numerous settings; one’s flexibility to establish rapport with an opponent without harming or burning bridges is very important (p.3). Meadow’s (1999) objectives can act as repetitive methodology to instruct new negotiators in the law scene. Many other methods can be helpful, but the ideal argumentation comes from the negotiator’s overall motivations. References Cited Menkel-Meadow, Carrie (June 1999). â€Å"The art and science of problem-solving negotiation.† Trial. Washington, p. 1- 7. Levy, Gerald M. (Fall 1999). Resolving Real Estate Issues. Real Estate Issues. Chicago.   Vol. 24, p.1-8.   

Fountain of the Four Rivers

Fountain of the Four Rivers The Fountain of the Four Rivers is a monumental example of Italian Baroque style and eloquence. This sculpture is one of many that transformed Rome into the city we know today. There are many fountains that can be found throughout Italy. The Fountain of the Four Rivers is a breathtaking sculptural fountain in Piazza Navona, Italy. It is made of travertine and marble. This sculpture was designed and constructed from 1648-1651. On June 12, 1651 this magnificent masterpiece was unveiled to the world.The famous Italian sculpture and architect, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, is the brilliant artist responsible for this masterpiece. He won the honor of designing this fountain by subterfuge; an advocate of Bernini had placed a model of the fountain in an area where the pope would hopefully see it and choose him to design the structure. This spectacular piece was built for the Pope Innocent X Pamphili. Its water source comes from the Acqua Vergine; this is one of the main water supplies in Rome. The pope ordered this water supply to be redirected to the front of his palace in the Palazzo Pamphili where the fountain stands.The town square that houses the Fountain of the Four Rivers not only is the location for Pamphili’s family palace, it is also the location of the ancient stadium of the Emperor Domitain. This was one of the first fountains constructed in Rome that was designed by Bernini, which would be followed by many more. The Fountain of the Four Rivers is a complex design. This sculpture depicts Gods of the four great rivers that are found in the four continents that were recognized by renaissance geographers during that time period.These rivers include the Nile, in Africa, the Ganges in Asia, the Rio de la Plata in the Americas and the Danube in Europe. Also, each countries area on the fountain is enhanced with details of its native animals and plants. Bernini’s magnificent fountain efficiently integrates an Egyptian obelisk that stands in the center of this piazza. This is one of Bernini’s most well-known and breathtaking works of art. Pamphili is quoted stating, â€Å"The only way to avoid employing Bernini was not to see his designs. † Bernini’s art to this day remains admired works of beauty and creativity weaved throughout Rome’s ancient streets.Bernini and his brilliant creations brought Rome to be known as â€Å"the city of fountains†. Bernini was a magnificent architect and sculptor of Baroque style. He was born in Naples in 1598; He had a very long and successful career until his death in 1680. In Rome, he worked for the city’s most authoritative families and the popes. Some of his Royal patrons included the Pope Innocent X Pamphili, King Charles I and Louis XIV. Bernini was Caravaggio’s (Michelangelo Merisi) contemporary. Bernini brought Caravaggio’s style of painting to his sculptures. He created many exceptional baroque styled sculptures, f ountains, and dynamic monuments.All of which are prized by patrons centuries after their creations. People travel across the world just to admire his historical masterworks. Bernini’s style truly depicts the eloquence of creativity and ingeniousness of the Italian Baroque styled sculptures in seventeenth-century Rome. Different types of Baroque styles are found throughout Europe, they all began from ideas from the Italian’s version of this style. The Fountain of the Four Rivers portrays the main four rivers of the world known at that time. This structure integrates the artistic styles of the era, the religious aspects and the geological significance of its time.This particular water feature is one of many fountains that transformed Rome to being known as â€Å"the city of fountains†. One of the main water sources of Rome was redirected to give the sculpture life. This fountain is one of many works of art that demonstrates the imaginary art and thinking of people s around the seventieth century. This ancient sculpture is also one of many that transformed Rome into the city we know today. Bernini’s designs are integrated though out surrounding areas and had influence on other artists through history. Works CitedNational Gallery of Art, Washington,DC; http://www. nga. gov/exhibitions/2000/baroque/2013 February 2, 2013 Alexandra Korey, Bernini’s â€Å"Fountain of the Four Rivers† restored (Quattro Fiumi), March 2009 February 5, 2013 Zuzana Pastirikova. Heidi Schwartz http://www. rome. info/bernini/fountain-four-rivers/ 2003-2009 Rome info; February 6, 2013 Hugh Honour, John Fleming; A World History of Art, Laurence King Publishing, 2005 February 7, 2013 Ann Sutherland Harris; 17th century art and architecture, Laurence King Publishing, 2005 February 9, 2013

Spanish-American War Letters of a Volunteer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2569 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Spanish American War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? George Glenn Kings book, Letters of a Volunteer, captured my attention due to the connection and interest with my Puerto Rican history. I recognize and have visited many of the towns King describes in his book. My lineage consists of three major cultures. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Spanish-American War: Letters of a Volunteer" essay for you Create order I am Taino Indian, Iberian, and African, the three cultures that make up the one identity of Puerto Rico. Kings book is comprised of many letters he would send to his family during the war. He describes in detail his experience of the Spanish-American war. With all the conflict the Spanish-American war brought, Kings writing provides a small window into the life of a soldier during that era. The 19th century was an important time in American history. Many colonies were protesting to gain their own independence from the countries that controlled them. Cuba was the first to rebel against Spanish rule, which initiated the Ten Years War in 1868.   The uprising in Cuba was led by farmers and wealthy Cubans. Carlos Manuel de Cespedes, a sugar mill owner, made the Declaration of Cuban Independence and began the war of 68. Cubans opposed Spains slave trade. They wanted tax reform, representation in Parliament, and judicial equality with Spaniards. Not long after the Ten Years War, conflict broke out again, and Spain sent General Butcher Weyler to Cuba. His way of prohibiting the Cubans from defying the Spaniards, was to set up concentration camps. Because of the poor conditions in these camps, Cubans died rapidly due to infection and diseases. At the end of the Cuban war of Independence, America became involved into what is now known as the Spanish-American war. There are many reasons for why America got involved in the altercation bet ween Cuba and Spain. Yellow journalism was used to exaggerate current events in order to exploit the truth and alter Americans ideas of the war. William Randolph Hearst, and Joseph Pulitzer, owners of important newspapers in America, contributed many misleading articles to the load. They used powerful and graphic stories to fabricate the brutality of General Weyler in Cuba. They were also known for publishing letters ridiculing President McKinley, and sensationalizing the sinking of USS Maine. Another reason for Americas involvement was from their large investment in sugar in Cuba. The United States sent forces to Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Spain. Different from other wars America has been in that was motivated by freedom or internal conflict, the Spanish-American war was purely for expanding United States territory to the Caribbean and the Philippines, and stripping Spain of their colonies. The Spanish-American war, was pretty brief only lasting around four months and was comprised of three major battles. T he first, being the battle of Manila Bay in the Philippines, ended Spanish colonialism in the Philippines. A majority of the war was fought in Cuba in order to help the native people and avenge the deaths that occured on the USS Maine. The battle of San Juan Hill was fought by the first volunteer cavalry known as the Rough Riders. They were composed of college students, cowboys, and Native Americans. The heaviest fighting in San Juan Hill was done by soldiers known as the Buffalo Soldiers. The battle of Santiago de Cuba ended the Spanish rule. During the Spanish-American war, the United States also invaded Puerto Rico. A small island only 108 miles long and 40 miles wide, it was one of Spains most prized possessions in the Caribbean. This invasion occured due to the request of prominent leaders in Puerto Rico to President McKinley and the Senate. They also provided invaluable information regarding the Spanish military on the island. The United States Navy were strategically stationed off the coast of San Juan. Spain engaged in a fierce firefight with the United States Navy. After a short four months, the United States defeats Spain and a Treaty of Paris is signed declaring the America as the protectorates of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippeans. Cuba then is awarded independence. According to some historians, the Spanish-American War has had an on-going, as well as a long-lasting, effect on those countries that were somehow involved. For example, both Puerto Rico and the United States, as well as Cuba, Guam, the Philippines, and Hawaii, were all directly impacted by this war. In the book Extraordinary Americans, by Susan Sinnott (1991), Ms. Sinnott points out in the chapter entitled Remember the Maine: The Spanish American War and Its Aftermath that The Spanish American War was short but the results were far-reaching. The Spanish lost their holdings in Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. The United States was left, if not in control of the colonial empire, then at least in a much more responsible position than before. The end of the war pushed the United States into the world arenait was now a major international power. (House of Puerto Rico, Lopez). This elaborates more on the effects and result of the war. On July 25, G eneral Nelson Miles led an invasion of Puerto Rico, landing troops in Guà ¡nica on the southern coast. George G. King was a volunteer of the sixth regiment, a infantry regiment which included the Concord company which was stationed in Guà ¡nica. King published a book in 1928 with collection of his letters written home during the Spanish-American War. He states his letters are, constitute a faithful chronicle of the precarious experience of a volunteer soldier in that forgotten episode (Letters of a Volunteer, King). Kings intent with the letters was to document his daily experience as a soldier, and to keep connected with the home he left behind. King writes in 1898, The week between enrollment and departure was lively with excitement, discussion, and enthusiasm. Then came the actual falling into ranks for entrainment to State camp. The company formed in line near the Wright Tavern, facing the Monument. We were surrounded by a throng of relatives, neighbors, and friends. These were speeches by the distinguished sons of the two great menRalph Waldo Emerson and Judge Ebenezer Rockwood Hoarwho had rendered similar service upon the departure of the Concord Company in 1861 (Letters of a Volunteer, King). Most soldiers find that writing and receiving letters are vital to their morale. When reading Kings letters, he was imparting information about the war, which offers a powerful and highly personable insight into the Spanish-American war in Puerto Rico. An example of this disclosure of the war is when King wrote, We dont know what the news is from the front, but we dont expect to get to Cuba in time to help take Santiago. I rather think we will go to Puerto Rico eventually. This is of course based on rumors, but on the kind of rumors that have been confirmed so far in substance every time. That would suit me first rate, but as I have said, I havent any marked preference. The climatic dangers are all big bugaboos, and once on hostile soil we can feel that we are doing our share. Thats all we want.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Historians have often dismissed wartime correspondence as uninformative and overly sanitized. Censorship and self-censorship, it has been claimed, prevented soldiers from saying anything in their letters home that would allow civilians to comprehend, however imperfectly, the horror of war. There is some merit in this argument, but not enough to dismiss wartime correspondence as historically insignificant (International Encyclopedia, Hanna). There are several letters from King events which follows written historical events. For example, King writes, From our station we could see the top of Morro castle, and watch the warships steam up and down the harbor mouth, but not a hostile shot has been fired within our sight or sound. All sorts of rumors have come aboard, but our communication with shore has been very restricted,   and we know nothing. One day it was understood that the bombardment of Morro was to begin; the fleet formed, and we received orders to land west of the city. We we re fallen in on deck, waiting for the fleet to move, when after much signalling among the ships, the news came aboard that Santiago had fallen, and the fleet sailed off to the east (Letters of a Volunteer, King). This information adds up with many other sources and documents about this battle. King seems acutely aware of yellow journalism, and how the newspapers disseminate false information. He states, We hear that five hundred of us have been killed. Of course none of you believe any such foolish rumor as that. Dont believe any newspaper accounts of battles, because they cant get them. You will never get a reliable account of an action except by mail, and if I run afoul of any I will write you all about it (Letters of a Volunteer, King). The American soldiers also lack information regarding the war. King writes, I heard that the whole of company I was going on guard, that Schley had reduced Havana, that Spain had thrown up the sponge, that San Juan had surrendered, and that Dewey had sunk three German vessels at Manila. We are pretty well out of the world (Letters of a Volunteer, King).   King makes several entries regarding the different epidemics affecting the soldiers. In fact, more soldiers died from disease during the Spanish-American war than sustaining death or injury due to fighting. The inhabitants shouted Viva Americanos till our ears rang. It wasnt very gratifying; they were partly afraid of us, and partly after our good American money. Still, there is a large element, particularly noticeable in the villages and among the poor, who long for American rule. The stories they tell of Spanish atrocity are awful (Letters of a Volunteer, King). This reflects how his letters are written from an American perspective and doesnt include the perspective of others involved in the war. The letters may have a temporal intention, but they also serve to inform the future.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     History is rarely objective and can be influenced by human opinion. Letters are key to providing a personal experience in historical events. One room is a kitchen, with a native stove. These stoves are made of masonry. They are built against the wall, like benches, and just about as high. At intervals of a foot or so, there are little ovens opening in front and on top, with iron gratings on top. They are all connected by a flue. The ovens themselves are perhaps 6 inches square. The smoke comes out into the room and rises to a big vent hole in the masonry wall of the house. In these ovens I build charcoal fires and cook my rice, and my eggs, and my milk toast, using my army frying pan and dipper (Letters of a Volunteer, King). These details of personal experience provide context that most of society or any journalist would not be able to document in their newspaper. Letters written by American military men during the Spanish-American War were bountiful; but in the case of Puerto R ico, there are only few surviving examples. Their content reflected the overwhelming fighting spirit that characterized the pro-war propaganda of the US press: Peace never makes men great. It is war, conflict, terrible war, terrific war, that makes men. Peace decays, repose destroys, ease kills. Better a thousand times your boy or lover should die with a bayonet thrust than that his energies and talent should go into decay for want of exercise. This war may be his opportunity (qtd. in McCaffrey 24). King presented his personal views, not only voicing his own opinion of the handling of the Puerto Rican Campaign but also, most importantly, communicating the earliest recorded positions of dissent against a war that Americans fought under humanitarian claims (South Atlantic Review, Ocasio). King was a soldier who fought in the Spanish-American war. He becomes a sergeant in the war, and documents his life as a soldier. He describes the training he receives, the lean diet and physical hardships of fighting in Puerto Rico. He states, The life we had been living was a terrible strain. I had been going as much on my nerve as anything else. When a chance came, I slept and squared up; but when it didnt come I lived on my nerve. Just how long I could have done it I dont know; luckily better quarters and news of peace came while I was still well within my strength. I slept all day for about two days and felt cheered up. Luckily there hadnt any fever settled on me. I never was much on fever. But some of the fellows,all undergoing the same unnatural strain ever since we stepped aboard the Yale,hadnt strength to stand it and among them the climatic ailments are making fearful havoc (Letters of a Volunteer, King). There is no reason to believe the letters King wrote were altered at a later date. The letters reflect his lived experience of the war. One experience he writes, Our march from Ponce was an eventful one. I wrote you from Adjuntas. We stayed there a day,the wettest, muddiest, dirtiest day I ever lived. In the morning we started for the north again. Our wagons were left behind, with the Sixth Illinois and our third battalion to guard them. The rest of us, followed by the pack-mules, marched 18 miles to this town. The march was through fords, up mountains, and through passes so narrow that two men could scarcely walk abreast, with almost vertical cliffs on one side and almost vertical precipices on the other. I never conceived of such magnificent scenery. It was a hard march, but the regiment stood it wonderfully. I cant believe, now, that we walked half of 18 miles, but the authorities are positive (Letters of a Volunteer, King). King does not give any indication of what his prior occupation or social standing prior to joining the army. King wrote these letters to his family, but it is unknown if the family shared it w ith others in their community. Its difficult to discern if the letters actually altered history. Historians and literary critics have traditionally examined printed data, mainly newspapers coverage, produced during the Spanish-American War. This essay makes use of another type of war-related document: personal letters produced by a soldier during the military raid of Puerto Rico. In Letters of a Volunteer in the Spanish-American War (published in book form in 1929), George G. King documented Puerto Ricos invasion, officially known as the Puerto Rican Campaign. Kings letters are of great importance as tools for a revisionist reading of Puerto Ricos military takeover during the convoluted events surrounding the Spanish-American War (South Atlantic Review, Ocasio). This article by Ocasio acknowledges how important Kings book, Letters of a Volunteer, yielded a greater insight into the Spanish-American war in Puerto Rico. Kings reality of the Spanish-American war opens up a whole new perspective to how we analyze and learn about that war. I have been to Castillo San Cristà ­?bal and Castillo San Felipe del Morro, the sites that were fired upon by American war ships during the Spanish-American war. I was a child at the time of my visit and unaware of the historical significance of what I was seeing. Researching Kings book, Letters of a Volunteer, has allowed me to understand and appreciate Puerto Rico as I continue to explore my heritage. Through greater understanding, I am better prepared to share my passion for the people and island of Puerto Rico.